In Linux, chmod is a built-in command that manages the access permission of file objects (files and directories). It can assign groups, users, and others to have permission for executing, reading, and writing permission on a certain file or directory. The number defined after chmod represents the permissions. The chmod 775 is an essential command […]

The “patch” is a command for adding patch files to source code or text files. It takes input as a patch file and applies differences to original files. We use the “diff” tool to get the difference. The “diff” is abbreviated as “differences” and is used to compare the content of two files and list […]

Linux-based systems provide multiple tools that help record and analyze system logs. Just like the “systemd”, which is a powerful tool used to collect logs from the sources in a binary format and allows the user to get the logs using command-line. The logs we discussed in the above section are the “Journal logs”. The […]

The script command is used to typescript or record all terminal processes. After running the script command, it begins recording everything that appears on the screen, including inputs and outputs, until it exits. If you don’t specify any argument, the “typescript file” will be created in the directory to save the terminal record. The script […]

We have already discussed in another tutorial about the Linux sha1sum command to check the file’s integrity. Similarly, on Linux systems, there are multiple checksums for the verification of messages, files, and data integrity. It is good to verify the operations when performed, like if you’re installing anything from the website, then to verify if […]