How To Install PostgreSQL 11 / 10 on Ubuntu 18.04 & Linux Mint 19

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PostgreSQL (aka Postgres) is an object-relational database management system (ORDBMS), available for Linux, Microsoft Windows, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, Solaris, and Mac OS.

PostgreSQL is released under the PostgreSQL License, a free and open source permissive software license, developed by the PGDG (PostgreSQL Global Development Group), a group of individual volunteers and corporate companies.

Here, we will go through steps on how to install PostgreSQL 11 / 10 on Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 16.04 & Linux Mint 19 / Linux Mint 18.

Add PostgreSQL repository

PostgreSQL publishes deb packages for Ubuntu, and their packages are fresher than those available in OS base repository.

Import the PostgreSQL signing key.

wget -q https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -

Add the PostgreSQL repository to /etc/apt/sources.list.d/postgresql.list file.

### Ubuntu 18.04 / LinuxMint 19 ###

echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ bionic-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/postgresql.list

### Ubuntu 16.04 / LinuxMint 18 ###

echo "deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ xenial-pgdg main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/postgresql.list

Install PostgreSQL

Execute the below command to update the repository index.

sudo apt-get update

Install the PostgreSQL package using the apt command.

### PostgreSQL 11 ###

sudo apt-get install -y postgresql-11

### PostgreSQL 10 ###

sudo apt-get install -y postgresql-10

Control PostgreSQL service

To start PostgreSQL service, run:

sudo systemctl start postgresql

To stop PostgreSQL service, run:

sudo systemctl stop postgresql

To restart PostgreSQL service, run:

sudo systemctl restart postgresql

To check the running status of PostgreSQL service, run:

sudo systemctl status postgresql

Output:

 postgresql.service - PostgreSQL RDBMS
   Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/postgresql.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (exited) since Sat 2019-02-23 11:30:32 IST; 3min 5s ago
 Main PID: 5285 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    Tasks: 0 (limit: 2323)
   CGroup: /system.slice/postgresql.service

Feb 23 11:30:32 desktop systemd[1]: Starting PostgreSQL RDBMS...
Feb 23 11:30:32 desktop systemd[1]: Started PostgreSQL RDBMS.

Configure PostgreSQL Server

PostgreSQL listens on loopback adapter (127.0.0.1) only. Sometimes the application hosted on external may need to connect to the database. For that, we need to configure PostgreSQL to listen on all adaptors.

### PostgreSQL 11 ###

sudo nano /etc/postgresql/11/main/postgresql.conf

### PostgreSQL 10 ###

sudo nano /etc/postgresql/10/main/postgresql.conf

Set the listen_addresses to * or .

listen_addresses="*"

Restart PostgreSQL service.

sudo systemctl restart postgresql

Confirm the PostgreSQL listening on port 5432 using netstat command.

sudo netstat -antup | grep 5432

Output:

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:5432            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      6518/postgres
tcp6       0      0 :::5432                 :::*                    LISTEN      6518/postgres

READ: netstat command not found on Ubuntu – Quick Fix

Access PostgreSQL

To manage the database, you need to log in as the postgres user.

sudo su -l postgres

Use the psql, an interactive shell for working with PostgreSQL database.

psql

Output:

postgres@server:~$ psql
psql (11.2 (Ubuntu 11.2-1.pgdg18.04+1))
Type "help" for help.

postgres=#

Secure PostgreSQL database

We will now set a password for Linux user (postgres) as well as DB administrator (postgres).

Set password for Linux user (postgres)

sudo passwd postgres

Output:

raj@server:~$ sudo passwd postgres
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: password updated successfully

Set password for DB administrator (postgres)

su - postgres
psql

On psql shell, run below command to change database admin password.

postgres=# password

OR

postgres=# password postgres

Output:

postgres=# password postgres
Enter new password:
Enter it again:

PostgreSQL DB Commands

The syntax for creating a database is:

$ su - postgres

$ createdb test

Log in to DB.

$ psql test

The syntax for creating a user is:

test=# CREATE USER raj WITH SUPERUSER LOGIN PASSWORD 'password';

Check whether the user has been created or not.

test=# du

Output:

test=# du
                                   List of roles
 Role name |                         Attributes                         | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
 postgres  | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}
 raj       | Superuser                                                  | {}

Log in with the user “raj”.

psql -h localhost -d test -U raj

Output:

psql (11.2 (Ubuntu 11.2-1.pgdg18.04+1))
SSL connection (protocol: TLSv1.2, cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256, compression: off)
Type "help" for help.

test=#

The syntax for listing databases:

test=# l

Output:

test=# l
                                  List of databases
   Name    |  Owner   | Encoding |   Collate   |    Ctype    |   Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
 postgres  | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
 template0 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 template1 | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres          +
           |          |          |             |             | postgres=CTc/postgres
 test      | postgres | UTF8     | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
(4 rows)

That’s All. You have successfully installed PostgreSQL 11 / 10 on Ubuntu 18.04 / Ubuntu 16.04 & Linux Mint 19 / Linux Mint 18.

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